Read the article entitled The Next Empire? by Howard W. French. You are required to present, in pairs, the article to the rest of the class on Thursday, 10/7 and Friday, 10/8. We will discuss this article inside and outside of class to address how it applies to both the texts we are reading. I have listed 10 questions of mine below, but I want you to take your own direction with this article. What connections do you find? What strikes your interest? However, I do think these questions will help us better understand the piece of journalism.
Questions to answer in short responses. Due Monday 10/4 and Tuesday 10/5.
1. Do you believe China is replacing England and America in Africa? Why? Why not?
2. Does Africa need China or does China need Africa? Or both?
3. What problems have arisen as a result of China's investment in Africa?
4. Which issue in particular seems to evoke the strongest emotions in Africa?
5. Detail Dambisa Moyo's views on Africa.
6. Summarize Martin Davies's views on Africa.
7. How does the train symbolize the history of foreign investment in China?
8. What does Jamie Monson have to say in regard to the importance of the railroad in Africa?
9. How does the market in Kapiri symbolize contemporary Africa?
10. The ubiquitous question posed at the end of the article is as follows: "How does their continent [Africa] overcome a pattern of extractive foreign engagement - beginning with its first contact with Europe, when gold or slaves were acquired in exchange for cloth and trinkets - that is still discernible today?" So what do you think? Does Africa have the chance to "overcome" this pattern? Or is it doomed to exploitation, be it financial, religious, or political?
1. I don't think China has replaced England and America in Africa yet, but may replace sooner or later if that happens. In my opinion, what China is doing to Africa is both some remains of imperialism in 19th century and partnership between two countries.
ReplyDelete2. China needs Africa because the article says that Africa is the source of the world's commodities China will need, but I think Africa may be able to do better without China. China can motivate industrialization in Africa in some extent, but it also may do more harm than good.
3. There are problems that have occured after China has set investment in Africa. It has made African governments independency decrease to run their countries and to lead the investments contingent on government reform.
4. I think the issue that involves the strongest emontions in Africa that have shared among people is the rationalization of western conditions, because the article says "Everywhere I traveled in Africa, people spoke in defense of conditionality - the attachment of good governance strings to loans from the West"(p.69) Africans feel thankful toward Western because conditionality have brought more freedom to discuss such as political issues.
5. Dambisa Moyo's view is it's so beneficial for Africa that China has made a huge impact unprecedentedly. She gives a data to support her arguement which says that China is maybe "a reliable commercial partner" Africa needs, and this moment is evolutionable.
6. Martin Davies's views on Africa is very optimistic as Moyo's. He also presents a statistic that shows the China-Africa trade has made $100 billion annually and says both countries are neessary to each other to grow. He is excited because this Chinese boom is "a phenomenal success story for Africa"(p.60)
7. The train symbolizes the history of foreign investment in China because Africans will ask China for a help if they face problems with trains or to remain them just like Africans have asked to Europeans and Americans in 18th century.
8. The importance of the railroad in Africa is to keep rivals against China out from their relationship because railroad is a political strategy to open up the center of Africa.
9. Kapiri Mposhi is a symbol of contemporary Africa because the market in there is considered the hubs of Chinese activity on Africa contenent. There are lots of Chinese business flourishing and Chinsese investment.
10. I strongly believe that Africa will get a chance to cut off this vicious pattern someday. To be able to stand up themselves, what they need is foreign investments as Chinsese one, not just money-givers. If Africa obtein investments from other countries which will make more emplyees obviously, and they will earn money. If nations get money, it will lead Africa to have a strong individual country.
THE NEXT EMPIRE
ReplyDeleteShort Responses to 10 questions
1. Do you believe China is replacing England and America in Africa? Why? Why not?
Yes. With 4000 years of history and having the greatest population of any country, China is definitely a front runner when it comes to international business and commerce. Its influence on other countries is ever increasing, with exponential economic growth happening in China, and the numerous rich chinese millionaires trying to strike it rich in Africa and the other nations by buying oil companies in africa. Martyn Davies, the director of the China Africa Network at the University of Pretor said, “Statistics are hard to come by, but China is probably the biggest single investor in Africa. They are the biggest builders of infrastructure. They are the biggest lenders to Africa, and China-Africa trade has just pushed past $100 billion annually.” As this quote states, China is more powerful and influential in Africa now, surpassing the US and England.
2. Does Africa need China or does China need Africa? Or both?
“Africa is the source of at least one-third of the world’s commodities” and so China certainly needs Africa for resources. The rich Chinese also want to gain more wealth by starting companies in Africa. Africa on the other hand also requires the help of the Chinese to develop their nation, and make it more modern like the developed countries, providing more jobs and business to their citizens and building up a middle class. As it says in the article, Africa needs a “reliable commercial partner” to pull itself out of poverty, like China did generations before. Therefore both China and Africa need each other for the better.
3. What problems have arisen as a result of China's investment in Africa?
The Chinese did not start a local industry in Africa, and so there are no men to collect old and unused metal scraps from the railways and reuse them or recycle them to sustain the economy. The Chinese never showed the Africans how to start their own agricultural centers, and teach them the method to farm properly. They just do them for their own good, and so Africa does not benefit from it. Chinese also lied to Africans that they’ll give financial support to restore agriculture, which they never seemed to keep.
4. Which issue in particular seems to evoke the strongest emotions in Africa?
“All along the way, wreckage was strewn beside the tracks—railway cars hauled from where they’d derailed or broken down, and left to decay like great, dead beasts.” Africa suffers major problems of not being able to maintain the technology introduced by the chinese, and the railway cars are left when they break down or malfunction.
5. Detail Dambisa Moyo's views on Africa.
Moyo Believes that foreign aid from developed nations do not help Africa prosper in the long run and only provides temporary relief from poverty. She also believes that it does the opposite; corrupt government leaders use the funds wastefully and poverty increases, and does not decrease. Moyo stated,“Between 1970 and 1998, when aid flows to Africa were at their peak, poverty in Africa rose from 11 percent to a staggering 66 percent.” The Chinese are great business partners to Africa, according to her.
6. Summarize Martin Davies's views on Africa.
Davies said about China, “They are the biggest builders of infrastructure. They are the biggest lenders to Africa, and China-Africa trade has just pushed past $100 billion annually.” Davies believes that Africa needs China to prosper and achieve success.
7.How does the train symbolize the history of foreign investment in China?
The train symbolizes China’s expanding influence and determination to become a leader of foreign affairs, like the US. Since the Tazara line was the first major foreign investment in Africa made by the Chinese it marks the start of Chinese influence.
8. What does Jamie Monson have to say in regard to the importance of the railroad in Africa?
ReplyDeleteRailroad in Africa that stretched for a long distance meant absolute control of trade in that region. It also ensured to “keep rivals out” and not let them participate in trade. The chinese knew the importance of massive railroad systems, according to Monson.
9. How does the market in Kapiri symbolize contemporary Africa?
The Kapiri Mposhi market symbolizes Africa, because it shows both the primitive and advanced sides of Africa. A desolate market with poor Africans quietly sells vegetables at one corner of the market, while Chinese investments brought major business advancement. “About 120 miles to the south lies Lusaka, where Beijing’s presence is long established and Chinese businesses abound. And about 45 miles to the north lies Congo, the stage for China’s grandest experiment—and biggest bet—on the continent.”
10. The ubiquitous question posed at the end of the article is as follows: "How does their continent [Africa] overcome a pattern of extractive foreign engagement - beginning with its first contact with Europe, when gold or slaves were acquired in exchange for cloth and trinkets - that is still discernible today?" So what do you think? Does Africa have the chance to "overcome" this pattern? Or is it doomed to exploitation, be it financial, religious, or political?
I believe that Africa is forever reliant on developed countries, since the countries in Africa are all corrupted with unreliable government rulers. Robert Mugabe from Zimbabwe is a great example of how Africa needs the help of other nations. Financially Africa needs financial aids from other nations, and this is due to limited education available there. Educating young people of Africa and slowly reconstructing a different political and economical situation is the only answer in solving this problem.
1. Yes. Western countries such as the US or UK have been striving to bring Africa's economy back on their feet in the previous decades. Now, China has simply taken over the mission. In that sense China can be considered to have replaced the US and UK. But on the other hand, within the past few years the hierarchy in global economics have been going through a complete turn of the table. As Western economics undeniable deterioration, The rich becomes richer while the poor becomes poorer. Indeed, the praised middle class of the US is coming to an end. On the other hand, China's prosperity has been going through an exponential leap from all the was under the poverty line to all the way out of the stadium. Because of China's unrivaled growth in prosperity, It can be said that China exceeds the terminology of “replacement”.
ReplyDelete2. I believe that the truth of matters is that China needs Africa for both the mass agricultural production to support China's rapid population growth as well as the metals ( especially iron, copper and cobalt) in order to sustain China's growing industries. Whether or not Africa needs China in order to escape the poverty and political corruption it is currently under, I believe there was not enough statistical evidence in the document to provide an educated guess. The one personally favorable statement was preaching that IF Africa Was supposedly going to be saved by the Chinese mining industries buying metals from them in return for roads, schools, money etc. , that it is a nonnegotiable necessity for the two parties to produce contracts with more formality as well as coming up with scrutinized plans rather than having a superficial outline of thoughts.
3. China got land. Made tracks. Got Farm land. GREAT! Only problem is that unlike China, the African societies have not yet commercialized industries yet and so even if the Africans picked up the potential cash creating job of picking up scrap metal, they do not have a place to bring their scrap to. Also , commercial scale agriculture has not picked up. In addition to that, there is also the issue of the authenticity of China's dedication and trustworthiness in this trade of commerce and trust.
4. I believe that the “people” of Africa are most afraid of another era of corrupt politics and dictator ship. Although not directly mentioned in the document provided, China's direct funds to African countries have the potential risk of promoting the increase of power of a dictator. APART FROM THE DOCUMENT. I truly hope that the cash earned by the China Africa trade strictly remains in the hands of those who truly deserve it.
5. Moyo takes off by blatantly laying down the fact that “ Between 1970 and 1998, when aid flows to Africa were at their peak, poverty in Africa rose from 11percnet to a staggering 66 percent.”. But later clearly articulates on her point that this was with the Western aids. She believes that the African Economy can greatly prosper from the Chinese aids as well as commerece and trade between them.
ReplyDelete6. Davies believes that for one, Africa having one third of the earths resources will become a necessity in trade for them. Also, Davies is extremely pro- Chinafrica as he refers to the Chinese work with Africa as a “ phenomenal success story with an indefinite end”
7. The rapidly growing Rail Road may be perceived as being emblematic for china's great expansion in international economics. Also, the fact that the dilapidated tracks have been recently been repaired closely correlates with China whom has quite recently repaired its economy.
8. Her belief was that the rail road has significance in its role as a tool for China to keep rivaling countries industries from interfering or creating competition with their economic trading with Africa.
9. The market in Kapiri when put in the same frame as the close by Chinese industries truly emphasize the lack of a middle-class in Africa. A necessity for democracy.
10. It seems to me that the only way for Africa to liberate its self from this vicious cycle is too either have a civil war or revolution. And please don’t ask me whether its worth it or not. But, nonetheless the answer stays the same. Unless severe measures are taken, nothing out of the cycle will occur.
Nika Koda
ReplyDeleteA4
1) Yes would be my reply to this question. The fact of having china replacing the UK and the US by ecumenical standards is a huge possibility. Reflecting back from the past 10 years we are sinking into financial depth, UK isn’t doing well as they used too. US can barely sustain the economical crisis that is happing in there own countries. China on the other hand has been growing for the past 10 years, sustaining the balance, yet the poor to rich ratio is still unstable. China has a higher chance of taking over Africa then England or America.
2) The amount of industries that china pushed forward had created huge amounts of production process, which leads to the idea of having fewer materials, and higher demand. This is where Africa comes in, helping Africa by purchasing their “goods” would help the production in Africa gain more respect and profit. This will lend a hand to the poorer Africans to have jobs and also help them from the depth of poverty (Ideally). As said UK and the USA does not have enough power to do this. China on the other hand does, and for its valuable metals, China would happily leap on to Africa. This will create a reliable commercial partner, which in the end benefit both sides of the stick.
3) The miss conceptions of china to Africa is a very huge mistake. Africa does not know the right way of commercial reselling. Basically china didn’t provide them the things they need, and the instructions. Just the demand went though, this lead to Africans to not know what to do. The only one benefiting from this is China, which is very unfair. China used money on places were they, and they would benefit. Not even blinking an eye at the Africans. The way China presented the industry was very unclear as well. “But the people who came here had no experience and no preparation. It was like children running around, really a mess.”
4) Another thing is that, Africa is still getting updated. If we would to compare this to a windows 98 computer to a newly updated windows 7 computer and run a windows 7 application on a windows 98 computer, the windows 98 computer would truly corrupt. If china is the windows 7 computer, it would already assume that all computers know the technologies and the way of making things, since it thinks its all upgraded. On the other hand Window 98 still thinks it’s updated to the latest. As we know as time progresses the new becomes the normal. Africa suffers from problems which involves the problem of updating to the new technology’s and systems. China would assume that Africa is getting all of this, but without knowing it. Africa would swim back to depth of poverty. China should take better care, of what they can use.
5) Mayo’s view of the situation is very logical. Mayos perspective of help from different countries would only heal a small time period of Africa. Mayo also believes that having this, would only fund a corrupt government which would spend the money on things that is not needed or useless. Poverty is what should be fought but only to see that getting help also deepens the gash.
ReplyDelete6) Davies is saying that with out china, Africa would not come out from poverty. In other words Africa needs china to lend a hand. Davies supports China to help Africa, and thinks that this is one of the most successful ideas in economical times.
7) The train track shows the expanding influences that leading economical leaders carved up (Foreign investment). Africa got the railroad because of china, therefore shows the influence of foreign countries inside of Africa.
8) The interpretation of the rail road showed in the text, leads to the idea of china using the railroad as a stopper from other rivals to back off from Africa. A trade mark of china, which is near impossible to erase. Showing that China is the one trading with Africa, and not you.
9) Africa shows the lack of middle class citizens compared to the US, UK and china. The market shows the influence of china, and the old African ways to be brushed off to the side. “The price of produce and other goods will go down”
10) Either to send in educational troops that would teach the kids in Africa education what we learn today. Have an International standard education or to even have industries that is ran by Africans. Most likely destroy the government they have now, and renew everything. Start from scratch. Nuke the system, I say.
1) I definitely believe that China is taking the place of England and the U.S. in Africa. Throughout history, Africa has been exploited by wealthier countries that believe that they can do whatever they want without consequences. China's building projects are for China's benefit, not Africa's. They want to have access to the all of the natural resources that Africa has, just like Africa's previous colonizers. I believe China's promise to transform Africa is a facade. I think that all of China's promises are to get on Africa's good side. Davies said, "Africa is the source of at least one-third of the world's commodities and once you've understood that, you understand China's determination to build roads, ports, and railroads all over Africa." China's motives for investing in Africa are the same motives and reasonings behind the western world's colonization in Africa. Also, when the price of copper rose from 2003 to 2008, many Chinese fortune seekers came to get in on the action. However, as prices of copper fell, these Chinese fortune seekers fled without paying their Congolese workers. This is how the U.S. and other European countries did business in Africa. French states, "To fully grasp China's economic approach in Africa, one must study European imperial history - as Beijing itself has been doing." This proves that China is in Africa for the same reason the Europeans were.
ReplyDelete2) China needs Africa more than Africa needs China. China needs the natural resources. In the Economic Observer, it stated that China is "faced with increasing pressure on food security". It went on the say that China was "planning to rent and buy land abroad to expand domestic food supply." In this article, Howard W. French states, "Per capita income for sub-Saharan Africa nearly doubled between 1997 and 2008, driven up by a long boom in commodities, by a decrease in the prevalence of war, and by steady improvements in governance." This shows that Africa's economy is steadily going uphill, without the help of China.
3) Problems have arisen as a result of China's investment in Africa. For example, wreckage by the train tracks are not collected or sold in Africa because Africa was a land without industry. So, cleaning up the metal scraps would be pointless for an African worker because there is no place to take it to in order for them to gain profit. Also, Africans are at risk of getting paid less than minimum wage; around 2005 miners were paid less than 67$ a month.
4) I think that the railways seem to evoke the strongest emotions in Africa. These railways are in horrible conditions, and people must ride them in order to get to other places. The wreckage caused by these barely working train cars is laid out by the tracks, and there is no one to clean it up. This is because Africa's technology and industries are not as advanced as China's. Many people are frustrated by that fact, and it goes to show that Africa is not as advanced as other countries.
5) Dambisa Moyo has an interesting view of Africa. She believes that Africa is a mess because of the West. She believes that China can help clean things up and make Africa a stronger continent. Moyo stated, "Between 1970 and 1998, when aid flows to Africa were at their peak, poverty in Africa rose from 11 percent to a staggering 66 percent." She believes this is because of subsidized lending. Subsidized lending causes the African government to make sloppy and inefficient decisions, which then leads to corruption. She feels that Africa must have a larger middle class in order for there to be sustainable democracy and a civil society in Africa. She believes that Africa should take lessons from China, and that China is Africa's friend.
ReplyDelete6) Martin Davies also has interesting views on Africa. He believes that China's investment in Africa is "a phenomenal success story for Africa." He knows that Africa's commodities are extremely appealing to the Chinese due to China's increasing manufacturing economy. He believes that Africa could use China's help and that Africa would benefit from China greatly.
7) The train symbolizes China's history of investment in Africa. French stated, "Today the Tazara is a talisman of faded hoped and failed economic schemes." The Tazara is very unreliable and is constantly breaking down. China's history of investment in Africa was somewhat of a failed attempt, as the Tazara so clearly demonstrates. China built the Tazara, which instilled a sense of hope throughout Africa. However, it was then abandoned by the Chinese. French states, "Within a decade, the line was suffering from repeated breakdowns, landslides, and management failures. Planners had envisioned running 17 trains a day, but by 1978 there were only two." China's previous investment in Africa miserably failed.
8) Jamie Monson's view on the rail road is that China wants to command Africa. China wants to keep rivals out and have Africa all to itself.
9) The market in Kapiri symbolizes contemporary Africa. French reports, "The commerce, such as it is, takes place in a muddy square facing these deserted buildings." This shows the lack of a middle class in Africa. Many people are impoverished and can't afford the market. However, Kapiri is located to two important places to the Chinese. So, most of the Africans are living in poverty while China has major projects and businesses close by.
10) I believe Africa has a chance to overcome exploitation. Africa has been on a rise these past couple decades, and I believe it will continue to rise in power and economy. Once democracy and a middle class become more commonplace, Africa will be able to take a stand against other countries. However, that will not happen for a long time. If Africa wants to escape it soon, drastic measures would have to be taken. For example, Africa could ask for help from other countries against countries trying to exploit it. Also, Africa could have a powerful dictatorship (as long as it is not corrupt) to raise the economy and become more unified.
1. In a sense, China is replacing America and England in Africa, however I doubt China will ever come close to what the prior nations have accomplished. Without England's colonization and America's support within Africa, I feel that China would simply have no interest in Africa at all. I think they're doing it simply to make a mark on the map. On the flip side, China is a very internationally driven nation, and is always trying to expand its enterprises, therefore it's not surprising that they would utilize Africa as a means of going up the ladder in the difficult world of business.
ReplyDelete2. Although China may hold some potential for improvement in Africa, I honestly think Africa hasn't really improved with any nation by its side. Judging by the article, I've come to the conclusion that China simply sees Africa as a mass pool of material resources. Hopping on the train of opportunity, Chinese businesses saw the potential wealth in investing in Africa. Africa claimed to need reliable commercial partners in order to rise from poverty, and desperate times call for desperate measures, so having faith that China will keep its promises is quite frankly naive.
3. The most flagrant problem would probably have to be the fact that the Chinese were not faithful to the Africans in giving them the financial support they needed in order to have local businesses, such as farming. They also didn't instruct them on proper farming and commerce techniques, leaving the Africans as empty handed as they were before. By now it's quite obvious that China doesn't really care about the well being of the African people, only the resources and services they produce. By desperation Africa looked to China as a means of getting itself out of poverty, however China delivered with such unfamiliarity that the receiving end, Africa, was left behind in all the commotion.
4. Hopelessness would be a good word to describe the feeling the African people must have. The fact that simple machinery can't even work right without some sort of malfunction, and corruption within political parties- if the not the entire demography itself is a commonplace, makes the chances of advancement slim.
5. Moyo's perspective of Africa is seen through an eye of pity. I believe she pities Africa, in the sense that foreign aid only prolongs the underlying problem that is poverty. "Between 1970 and 1998, when aid flows to Africa were at their peak, poverty in Africa rose from 11 percent to a staggering 66 percent." Her point is that Africa needs to learn how to take care of itself. With all the foreign aid, it makes it hard for the African people to get a true sense of what they have to deal with when the "river runs dry". However, she sees China as an excellent commerce partner, and that Africa can prosper with Chinese connections.
6. Martin Davies strikes me as extremely pro China/Africa. He believes that both China and Africa can benefit greatly from the trade and business done between them, claiming that China's investment in Africa is "a phenomenal success story for Africa".
ReplyDelete7. The train symbolizes not only the fact that foreign aid to Africa was abundant back in the day, but also that much of that aid was either abandoned or forgotten. The train constantly breaks down, and has management issues. Being built by the Chinese, the train is a constant and possibly painful reminder that China had abandoned much of the work started in Africa, and that trust would definately be a tense matter between them.
8. Monson's belief was that China used the rail road to their advantage and utilized its existence as a threat to keep competing countries out of the picture. I believe China saw the potential in having a monopoly on such a large business, like a rail road.
9. The Kapiri market is the perfect symbol for how the situation is in Africa right now. Not because of what it has, but more rather what it lacks. It lacks China's attention. It lacks the advancement that is found only 45 miles to the north. The people just sit in their stalls selling oranges and what not, while to the south Chinese business is rampant. It shows that their is no "grey zone" in Africa, you re either extremely rich, or extremely poor.
10. First of all, I can't help but the notice the comparison in the trde between Europe and Africa in the question. Gold and slaves (human beings) traded for cloth and trinkets. Am I the only one who sees an imbalance? That, I think, is the main reason Africa can't get it together and stop this rather vicious cycle of being manipulated, then left behind. In a way, I believe they trade what they need for what they want. They give away what they really need, and don't realize it until they find that what they received in return is only temporary relief. For example, you sell your child for food, per say. Yes the food tastes good, and fills you up, but only for a day. Your child on the other hand, is not there to help chores or collecting food for later, so you realize that by not having your child around to help, you have just made your life much more inconvenient for one meal. Also, corruption is blatant in Africa, and everyone knows it, but no one says anything. I think the only for Africa to really get on its feet and start running is if corrupt political rulers are impeached and new rulers (doesn't have to be African) take over.
yellowasnw is aya by the way :]]
ReplyDelete1) I think that China is on the urge of replacing USA and England in Africa because they seem to be doing well in Africa. The Chinese are buying many BIG businesses (e.g. oil companies)from Africa, they have also sold many technologies (railway things), and the trade between China and Africa has passed the '$100 billion annually' mark.
ReplyDelete2) Being 1/3 of the world’s commodity sources, Africa is obviously needed by the Chinese. However, China is also needed to help modernize and develop Africa because not only do they supply jobs for both Chinese and Africans, they also supply useful technologies to make life in Africa easier (like railroads). It is a give-and-take relationship from both sides.
3) The main problems that arose as a result of the Chinese’s investments for the Africans are: A. Many technologies that the Chinese brought to Africa were not well cared for, especially trains, as a result, they broke really easily and so ‘wreckage was strewn beside the tracks’;
And B. Agriculture and factories/businesses were not fully taught to the Africans, by the Chinese, which did not give many opportunities for African businesses to open.
4) The two problems (A and B) overlap; because the Chinese did not help the Africans open up their own factories or different varieties of businesses/companies, the Africans could not really re-use the metal wreckage of broken down technologies. This problem therefore led to a not-so-clean environment, which may not bring much tourism (in my opinion).
5) Moyo believes that the western countries ‘crippled and corrupted Africa’ when trying to help or aid the continent, however, Moyo also believes that China is only there for business, and therefore will not cause as much problems. ‘The Chinese are great business partners for Africa’.
6) Davis’ view on China and Africa is also very positive; he believes that the Chinese are developing Africa because: not only is China is the ‘biggest lender’ to Africa, the two also ‘pushed pass $100 billion annually’ through their trades.
7 & 8) The Train, in my opinion, symbolizes China’s urge of A. ruling foreign affairs, and B. spreading their influences. I believe this because, according to Monson, the railroads kept ‘rivals out’ from participating in the trade, also, the trains allowed trade to happen faster and farther, which may inspire other countries (in Africa) to use railroads as well. This means that the whole speed-trading aspect of the African economy is the result of Chinese influence. I can almost conclude that Africa is slowly becoming dependent of the Chinese (which I am sure the Chinese like).
ReplyDelete9) The Kapiri market symbolizes Africa by publicly displaying both its sides; the advanced side-which is around ‘120 miles south in a place called Lusaka’ (covered with Chinese influence), and the old/primitive side- which is around ‘45 miles north in a place called Congo’ (risky area for selling stuff).
10) I think that Africa will have a chance for recovery because they have a lot of commodity resources which they can export at high prices, or perhaps make goods with them, themselves. I also think that they need laws for everyone to have a proper education (which is limited) in order to make better business deals that can benefit them in huge ways. Africa is known to have some corrupt governments; therefore I don’t think that donations would make a difference for the continent. However, I think that deals like the ones between Africa and China could help the development of Africa, though it may take a while.